Health professionals are increasingly looking to develop data-driven healthcare in areas such as precision medicine and artificial intelligence.
Are the public ready to accept these services and share their personal information? This was one of the central questions discussed by academics and doctoral students who attended the 2017 EIBLE-KHIDI international conference held in Seoul on September 22, 2017. Experts highlighted the benefits of data analysis in the healthcare industry, notably in terms of efficiency and cost, but also acknowledged that there is an effort to be made to better secure personal information.
Big data analysis improves medical decision-making
Healthcare providers are increasingly turning to data analytics to better cope with rising health costs, chronic diseases, the aging population and the shortage of professionals, said the experts during the seminar organized by Ewha Institute for Biomedical Law & Ethics and Korea Health Industry Development Institute.
Major medical institutions treat data as a strategic asset and put in place systems that help healthcare professionals improve decision-making and drive actionable results, they said.
Promoting the right to « the highest attainable standard » of health
Saying that big data can help promote the right to « the highest attainable standard » of health,a recognized right in international human right terms, Professor Carole Peterson of the University of Hawaii urged governments to fulfill this right by using big data to improve healthcare outcomes while increasing efficiency and lowering costs.
Developing big data to encourage patients to be more engaged
« Accessible data and online health communities also can empower individuals to take more control over their health, including more access to remote communities and less developed nations, » said Prof. Peterson (source: Koreabiomed.com). Big data also helps us to monitor and control the spread of infectious diseases. «
Example: the management of the Ebola virus outbreak
The expert gave an example with the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak, where the US Centers for Disease Prevention (CDC) used BioMosaic, a tool that merges health, population and movement data to predict the spread of the disease. BioMosaic enabled the CDC to identify populations at risk and thus to create a map of the diaspora population moving from affected areas.
Big data: the risk of violations of privacy
Prof. Carole Peterson also recognizes that big data exploitation presents significant risks: data mining and « re-identification » techniques can lead to violations of privacy and increased opportunities for discrimination.
Discrimination: Governments need to review their legislation
« Governments should, therefore, review their anti-discrimination statutes and amend them, if necessary, to ensure that all forms of disability discrimination are prohibited, including discrimination based upon an assessment that a person is at risk of developing a disability in the future, » she said.
The importance of high protection in using and sharing data
Lee Mang-yeong, a PhD student in digital health at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), touched on the issue of precision medicine.
« Precision medicine is an emerging clinical strategy, as it weighs the differences between individuals to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and even aftercare. It is an unmet need to lead patient-generated health data based on participation in the study for implementing precision medicine. »
According to Lee Mang-yeong, it is necessary to ensure high protection in accessing, using and sharing data, and to help participants to have a positive attitude to the study. « There are many studies about public awareness toward cancer clinical trials, particularly genetic testing, » he said. « Although we can guess the public awareness toward precision medicine from these studies, there is no progress in Korea. »
To maximize participation in precision medicine, he believes that appropriate information should be provided for each group’s expectations or concerns. « It is also fundamental to secure channels that are accessible as much as possible. For this, assistance and support at the national level are needed. »
Artificial Intelligence: Robots will change our relationship to health
Tjasa Zapusek, a Bologna Program postgraduate student of the University of Copenhagen, presented her ideas about artificial intelligence in medicine and confidentiality of data.
« Until the 60s, doctors enjoyed high levels of power, especially in the field of psychiatry. The right to privacy, including the protection of sensitive data relating to health is now protected. Everyone has the right to access the data concerning him/her, and the right to have it rectified. »
Robots: Towards optimal medical treatment?
Assuming the accordance of the patient’s will and not violating any right of privacy, doctors and other healthcare professionals need to have access to the history of individual’s medical treatments, since it enables those to exchange information, opinions, and knowledge, she insisted.
« We have robots, capable of providing optimal medical treatment, and able to communicate with patients in a different way, but still effective. Patient’s medical files serve as robot’s workbooks, enabling them to put their technical knowledge, stored on the discs in practice. »
For years, robot’s involvement in medical procedures has been limited to « robotic-assisted surgeries, » Tjasa Zapusek said. « However, current scientific achievements present completely different scenarios, where medical operations can be performed 100 percent autonomously by a robot. Sooner or later, robots will no longer be considered simple tools (…) » Taking into account problems and ethical issues involved in the development of robotics in healthcare is primordial to better cope with this major change in the industry.